Carol Ann Duffy Psychopath and Poet Essays

Carol Ann Duffy Psychopath and Poet Essays Carol Ann Duffy Psychopath and Poet Paper Carol Ann Duffy Psychopath and Poet Paper Essay Topic: Carol ann Duffy Poems Poetry Carol Ann Duffy presents to the reader through her poetry many views she has on society. Her recent poetry portrays her views on the treatment of females and how in the past they have not been given true status in society. Duffy is a strong feminist and I think that the fact that she was not chosen poet laureate for both her sex and her sexuality has further strengthened her views on the rights females should have and the power they should have relative to men. Her feminist views are provoked even further when she is second choice in the running to be laureate and not until Seamus Heaney drops out of the race it is only then that she is the favourite to become the new poet laureate. It can be seen that again because Heaney was male and she was female the automatic choice would have been Heaney because of the stereotypical views in society regarding men being better then women. These could be some of the reasons why Duffy writes many poems from a females point of view regarding the male gender. Carol Ann Duffys ability to give voices to previously silenced figures helps her tell the reader her views on society. By using characters voices rather than her own, Duffy identifies with the speaker and confers authority onto a voice which might otherwise be silent. In the poems I have looked at she uses the characters that are portrayed as having lives without purpose but in reality their lives are without purpose the status society has given them. Psychopath, Recognition, and Stealing are three of the poems I will be analysing to look at the way Carol Ann Duffy presents her point of view on society. The characters in the three poems are described as having lives without purpose. They lead lives with no meaning and these characters lives are without purpose due to society giving power to men, such power that they are shown to be dominant gender in all three poems, and this dominance effects these characters lives. Much of Carol Ann Duffys work is written in the form of dramatic monologue and by using the voices of both male and female in the three poems, she portrays the views of both male and female in society and through both the male and female narrator she still manages to get her outlook on society and her feelings on why society is failing because of the status both men and women have been appointed with. This Idea of female identity is a recurring theme in Duffys poetry. She stereotypes many of her characters in order to foreground the female characters incompatible place within a modern society. Although her poem Stealing is not one of the poems which look at her feminist views the other two Psychopath and Recognition are based around looking at Females place in society. In Psychopath, Duffy uses the dramatic monologue to present, and weaken, the sexual power of men over women One thump did it, then I was on her. Duffy shows the reader that although at first you think that Duffy is trying to show the woman as the weaker character it is in fact the man who is the weaker character. He has to physically abuse her to achieve his sexual status as Jack the Lad, Ladies Man. Duffys views on male dominance and male status are enhanced even further when he has killed her, but it is more important to him that he lives up to the constructed image of a real man. He feels he too, is trapped within the identity which has been appointed to him by society. This kind of dominance which Duffy is suggesting all men had in society is also shown in Recognition, where Duffy uses a dramatic monologue to show us the view of a housewife on her husband and how their relationship has changed her life. The woman here explains through the poem how her life has become without purpose. She also indirectly lets onto the reader the reason as to why her life has become the way it has. She feels it is her husband and their relationship that has made her life how it is. I love him, through habit She recognises that her love for her husband is merely based on habit. However, her power is diminished by her sense of responsibility and the fact that she has a role to fulfil, the role of a wife. The poem has references to a shopping list Cheese, Kleenex. This reflects the way her life has become. It has become structured and meaningless. She just gets on with the domestics of the house without thinking or having concern about her husband and children. Looking at the structure of the poem we can also see that the stanzas are all regimented four line stanzas and that this set structure is also tight and suffocating like her life. The use of repetition in the form of an apology in the closing line Im sorry sorry sorry underlines the womans inferior position and the lack of punctuation highlights her lack of concern towards anything. The Psychopath like the other two characters in the two poems may have a life without purpose because he is a man who has no worries as to the consequences his actions may well bring. He does not show little guilt or sympathy when talking about his violent actions one thump did it but feels he was right to be aggressive in order to get what he wanted. Again like with the housewife in recognition society rules have made him how he is. He does not care about his actions or the consequences his actions could bring but instead is boasting about how just one thump was enough to get her on the floor. The violence he uses is to show he is the dominant sex which Duffy feels society has given him the role of being the dominant sex. Nevertheless I also feel that others can be interpret that his life does have purpose and can argue this because he looks to the future in the poem: a gypsy read my palm. She saw fame. We see that he is interested in the fame he could get in the future. I could be anything with my looks, my brains. This view is also backed up by the way he looks after his appearance. This is because if he did not care about his life, or his life did not have a purpose then he would not take so much care over how he looks. And finally I think that he does have a purpose which is to use and abuse women to show off his masculinity. This shows that although the character may have a life with purpose Duffy still shows her displeasure at society through the poem. I also believe that Psychopath contrasts Recognition in terms of the structure. Unlike recognition it has a free flowing structure with lots of enjambement and no set stanzas which could suggest that Duffy is trying to back up the image of the character as being arrogant and over confident by him speaking very freely and openly and gloating about his actions which the reader would see as very appalling. This also goes on to show again her views on male dominance and the arrogance and confidence it brings. The enjambement in recognition could be there because it shows the reader feels that it is her way of showing her lack of freedom and that inside this meaningless and structured life she is trying to be freed. She is trying to escape her relationship with her husband but knows it is not possible. And I think that Duffy is trying to show this by using enjambement inside the tight regimented four line stanzas. The woman does not recognise herself. She has no sense of her own identity because it has been removed from her because of the way society has constructed a females identity. Duffy, perhaps, suggests that men are similarly constrained by the fact that they to have to abide by the rules of society and fulfil their role as the dominant sex. Where the woman in Recognition is symbolised by the shopping list, the man in Psychopath is labelled by the very title of the poem and the images of late 50s/early 60s popular culture that run through it: for example, Jimmy Dean and the song Johnny, Remember Me. Psychopath like Recognition shows women to be the weaker sex. Although we see in Recognition that we as the reader are informed of this through a female voice in Psychopath it is the voice of a man, who indirectly informs the reader of the power men and women were supposed to have. The lack of respect shown to women is shown when the Psychopath talks about his mother. Mama, straight up, I hope you rot in hell Here we are shown that even to his mother he shows such disrespect which again is because of the power he has been given by society. I also feel that the use of italics No, dont to refer to women in the poem highlights again the lack of power they have in comparison to males. The italics make the words look slightly smaller which could indicate Duffys views on how men try to make women look small just like the psychopath has tried to make the girl he has killed look small and helpless. In contrast from Recognition and Psychopath, stealing is a poem which does not tackle the problem of how society gives more power to the male sex then the female sex. It still shows the character to have a life without purpose and Duffy again indirectly shows the reader that society has forced the character to carry out the actions that he has done. Duffy explores the attitude of men and the reasons behind the attitudes they have. Better off dead than giving in. Here we see that the arrogance and the complacency these men have in life is because they feel that they are the dominant sex, and so they do not fear the consequences because men according to society are supposed to be the stronger the less fearful in comparison to female. And Duffy feels that because of these views that society holds or held are affecting everyone in a negative manner. She feels that he steals because of what society has made him, an egotistic man. Like in Psychopath where the character illustrates his power and the fact he is a man through violence and by not showing any concern towards the consequences of his actions here we see that this character demonstrates his dominance as a man also by not caring about the consequences. Children would cry in the morning. Lifes tough. We are also shown that due to this dominance men have over women they tend to become very lonely like in Psychopath he is unable to socialise with anyone so gets rid of his boredom by abusing girls. And in this poem the character is alone and we are shown the speakers loneliness right from the beginning when he steals a snowman. We can assume that Duffy is showing her character stealing a snowman because they are lonely and in need of a mate to get rid of their loneliness even though Duffy does not have the character tell the reader that it is lonely. Using Duffys criticism on society one can say that this loneliness is also created by society and that if the power which was divided between men and women was quite equal then these types of people would be looked after and protected from doing what they do. I also feel that the use of starting with a question most unusual thing I ever stole? and finishing with a question you dont understand a words Im saying, do you? tells the reader that the character is not just talking to us but is in an actual conversation with someone about his stealing. Again like the Psychopath he is boasting about his actions and feels or tries to show that he does not care about what may happen later because of what he has done. On the other hand it can also be viewed that like Psychopath, Stealing also is a poem whose character has a purpose in life. This is because if you look at the housewife in Recognition she has no purpose in life and literally does nothing and if you look at this character he steals to get rid of his boredom which is his purpose in life, to get rid of the boredom. And I think that it can be seen that again it is similar to Psychopath because Duffy still manages to show how society has made this character how he is and that society is responsible for his actions whether his life has a purpose or not. Overall through the arguments that I have presented I think that Duffy in all three of the poems expresses the dissatisfaction she has with society and its division of power between men and women and why men are given the dominance in relationships. I also feel that apart from recognition it can be argued as to whether or not the character in Psychopath and Stealing have lives with or without purpose. I also feel that it does not affect the message Duffy tries to get across to the reader regarding society. Looking back I feel that Duffy almost certainly in all three poems tries to get her point across on society and the criticism, she has of society and the extreme amount of power it has given to men for decades, and therefore I agree with the statement that Duffy does try and express her social criticism by giving voices to characters who reveal their lives as being without purpose although it can be argued as to whether or not the characters in the poems have a purpose in life.

8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases

8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases 8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases 8 Types of Parenthetical Phrases By Mark Nichol A parenthetical phrase, sometimes called simply a parenthetical, is one that is not essential to the framing sentence. In the preceding sentence, the phrase â€Å"sometimes called simply a parenthetical† is itself a parenthetical because the segments of the sentence that precede and follow it can be attached to form a complete sentence without it: â€Å"A parenthetical phrase is one that is not essential to the framing sentence.† However, a parenthetical can also begin or end a sentence, and though only these three syntactical variations exist, a parenthetical can be categorized as serving one of eight functions. Here is a roster of the types, with a sentence that demonstrates each one: 1. Absolute phrase: An absolute phrase, which contains at least a noun or a pronoun and a participle but not a true verb, modifies the entire sentence: â€Å"Jane stayed up late, writing her report.† (The phrase may also begin the sentence.) 2. Appositive: In this case, the parenthetical is an appositive, a noun or noun phrase placed in opposition to another such construction that defines or modifies the first: â€Å"If you, an experienced hiker, had trouble, how hard will it be for me?† 3. Aside: An aside is a statement that is subordinated to the sentence, often denoting an ingratiating or apologetic attitude. It might also be placed within parentheses to more clearly identify it as a trivial comment or between em dashes to signal its sudden and/or unexpected impact: â€Å"Her friend, I hesitate to say, has betrayed her.† 4. Free modifier: A free modifier is an unspecialized interruption of additional information: â€Å"I stood up and, brushing off my pants, continued along my way.† 5. Interjection: An interjection imparts information about the writer’s (or speaker’s) state of mind, as in this sentence in which the interjection implies impatience or indignation: â€Å"Well, what do you have to say for yourself? 6. Introductory phrase: This element preceding the main statement provides context for the sentence: â€Å"While I was on vacation, I had an epiphany.† 7. Resumptive modifier: A resumptive modifier includes within its additional detail repetition of an adjective from the sentence: â€Å"She was exhausted, more exhausted than she had ever been before.† 8. Summative modifier: A summative modifier is one that summarizes an idea expressed in the sentence and then adds information about it: â€Å"We headed toward the summit, a goal we had anticipated accomplishing all week.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Lodon Underground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lodon Underground - Essay Example In its effort to serve the UK residents, the UK government provides various merit goods including London Underground and health as well as London underground. This paper aims at discussing London Underground as one of the merit goods that are enjoyed by the residents of the United Kingdom. London Underground is an important metro system that serves residents of UK. Serving more than 270 stations, London Underground was originally operated by various companies including City and South London Railway and Electric traction trains. The vision of London Underground is to deliver a state of art world-class underground globally (Hardy, 2002). Also referred to as Tube, London Underground obtains its revenue mostly from the large number of massagers it serves in the UK. One of the major reasons as to why large number of passengers uses the Tube is due to its convenience as well as the high speed that it adopts. According to the Tube management, safety and reliability cannot result to world-class transport system even though they are the base of good service. As a result, London Underground believes that quality of travelling is the most vital aspect to passengers. One of the major challenges facing London Underground is keeping the city of London on the move while the Tube is being transformed. As the demand for the use of London Underground rise, it has resulted to expansive investment in order to improve its revenue and provide world class services. The success of Tube is based on its efforts to put the experience of its passengers at the central position of its strategies. For example, the organization maintains helpful and always available staff, adequate security systems and high-quality information. During their travelling, most of the passengers using the Tube use Oysters. An Oyster is smartcard that is plastic in

Marketing planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing planning - Assignment Example The company is planning to expand its base. For this company will has started analyzing the market and choosing one product which the company will be promoting in the initial phase of the expansion. Task 1 The current business environment is constantly changing. The market is facing volatile changes which are affecting the overall planning of the companies as well. Thus, it is very important for any organization or organizes a proper and strategic marketing planning in order to survive and sustain in this volatile environment. A proper marketing planning is always helpful in properly organization activities and strategies used for future action. Marketing planning can be described as analyzing potential market places and marketing activities with the aim of determining how a business can optimize these potential markets. Planning process has changed over the years. For example, the planning process was much less competitive during the last century. The current market is ever changing and flooded with a large number of new products and services on a daily basis. Today’s consumers have much more options in terms of choosing between similar products and categories, compared to 10-15 years ago. This has also decreased the brand loyalty among consumers. To remain competitive in the current market, the food chain has to constantly update its marketing planning according to changing internal as well as external environment. In order to cope with the volatile environment, it is very important for the organization to have sustainable resources. Below is the resource based view of the organization. Tangible Resources Infrastructure, warehouse property and design of the chain of restaurants constitute the physical resources of the brand. Apart from these, the organization also has products such as brewing machines, facilities such as transportation and logistics. Though the organization does not boast a high financial resource, the company is fast growing and more and more investors are turning their head towards this newly popular organization. The organization can utilize this opportunity by collaborating with other investors as well as companies and grow its base in local as well as international locations. Intangible Resources The organization has created a powerful brand image and come a long way from the time it was established. Because of the increase brand image as well as overall brand equity, the organization has successfully created a niche in the fast food market. As a result, the market base of Eat Limited is continuously increasing. Apart from this, the organization has maintained a cordial relationship with its shareholders and other investors. This is helped in building overall trust among the investors and shareholders. Product diversification, service quality and availability of the brand in the major locations have made Eat Limited a local leader in affordable and quality fast food service provider. Research, development, m arketing capability and creativity in new generating new products has provided a differentiated advantage for the brand. Apart from this, efficient and well trained human resource is strength for the organization. Capabilities Determining the capabilities and key resources of an organization is the fundamental starting point of any business strategy. The utilization of a company’s capabilities and resources with the aim of gaining competitive advantage defines the objective of resource management. According to

Nutritional knowledge Essay Example for Free

Nutritional knowledge Essay Discussion (guide 2000) The results on knowing the meaning of BMI, it has been shown through the Chi-square test that there is no significant relationship between being obese and knowledge of this item. The same results were yielded for knowledge of fibre-rich food, recommended daily intake of fruits, and recommended daily intake of breads and cereals, which also had insignificant results in the Chi-square. The knowledge items which yielded a significant result in the Chi-square include recommended intake for various sources and reading labels. Health Behaviours Examining the t-test results, most health behaviours prove to be significant. On the number of glasses consumed daily, the normal weight group had a higher average, indicating greater consumption. On the consideration of health in choice of food, there is no significant difference between the two groups. The same trend is observed on the time of taking supper. For time of sleeping, the obese group seems to sleep at a later time. Moreover, the normal weight group has a higher frequency of exercise sessions. The obese group also has more frequent intake of meals; crisps; sweets, chocolate or desert; sweetie beverages; low calorie drinks; instant noodles; and deep fried food. No such difference was noted between the two groups for frequency of eating snacks. The present study does suggest significant differences in the knowledge, lifestyles, and behaviours of normal and obese samples. This suggests that cognition, affect, and behaviour are meaningfully interlinked and that one affects the other.

The Jamaican Dialect Essay -- essays paper

The History and Sociolinguistic development of the Jamaican Dialect The topic of dialects is one which linguistic anthropologists have spent much time studying. Distinctions made between an actual language, a sub-standard variety of that language and an actual dialect are often unclear and the topic of much debate. Recently in the United States there have been many discussions about Ebonics, or Black English. It has been argued that Ebonics is simply a sub-standard form and degradation of English, while others feel that it should be recognized as an African influenced English dialect. One of the most recognizable forms of African-influenced English is that spoken by the people of Jamaica. Linguists and sociologists alike have studied the formation of this dialect over the years, because it is a prime example of language development resulting from cultural influences. By looking at the development of Jamaican speech from a historical perspective we are able to see exactly how the culture of this island has influenced the evolution of this dialect. Jamaica is the third largest Caribbean Island, measuring 146 miles at its widest point. The warm weather, high mountains and broad plains provide Jamaica with diversity in climate and agriculture. The population of Jamaica is estimated to be around two million people, with nearly a half-million living in Kingston, the capital and largest city in Jamaica. Of those residing in Jamaica, 90% are of African descent, with the other ten percent made up of mostly Caucasians, East Indians and Chinese (Barrett 1997:3). Popular culture is heavily influenced by the African heritage, while formal behavior is unmistakably British in style. The unofficial language of Jamaica is English; however th... ...ge, which represents the people of today. This also is a dialect, which has not stagnated but continues to grow and will do so into the future. Perhaps someday it will become a language completely separate from English, a language of liberation free from the influences of White oppressors. Bibliography Barrett, Leonard E. The Rastafarians. Beacon Press, Boston. DeCamp, David The Locus of Language in Jamaica. Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics Volumes 1,3,6. Pergamon Press, NewYork. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Volume 3. Oxford University Press, New York. Rasta/Patua Dictionary ed. Ogata, Michio updated by Pawka, Mike 1995. Todd, Loreto Pidgins and Creoles. Modern Englishes. Basil Blackwell Pub. Lmtd., Oxford.Zach, Paul ed.1995 Insight Guides. Jamaica. Hofer Press Pte. Ltd.,Singapore.

Relationship Between Poverty and Anti-Social Behaviour Essay

Explore the relationship between poverty and antisocial behaviour. What policies have been introduced to tackle antisocial behaviour? In this essay I will highlight the psychological effects that poverty is likely to have on a person living in the western world and the possible behavioural consequences of this. I will discuss the problems that go along with children and young people being given prison sentences and I will suggest one viable change that may help to promote equality. Poverty in itself is not a direct cause of antisocial behaviour but the two are very much intertwined in our modern day individualistic society. Social hierarchy and elevated inequality amplify worries over self-worth across society. Most of us wish to feel accepted, appreciated and valued for who we are but a society that causes large amounts of people feel as though they are perceived as inferior and considered as less worthy, less valuable, less intelligent and a drain on the state not only causes unnecessary pain suffering and wasted potential, but also acquires the costs of the antisocial responses to the structures that demean them . Research shows a clear link between on-going poverty and negative developmental consequences. Mental health issues, behavioural problems, low self-esteem, depression, poor grades, anti-social behaviour and delinquency are all, unsurprisingly, in our society, far more prevalent among poor people. (mc Leod and shanahan 1996) The effect that poverty has on a person’s sense of self and identity is colossal. The intense stress of being poor, the stigma attached to being poor, the marginalization from greater society and the massive limitations in opportunity are extremely likely to result in undesirable psychological outcomes. Poor children quite often experience feelings such as embarrassment or shame (which have been described as the social emotions) and tend to see themselves in a negative light as a result of negative societal views. (weinger 1998) School plays a huge part in the development of a child and is generally considered to be a place where hard work and good grades ar e the things that matter and a place where ones socioeconomic status is largely irrelevant when it comes to achieving these things but this is unhappily not so and in fact school plays a central part in the stigmatisation of the poor. The majority of teachers have grown up in middle class family’s and as a direct result of this they are extremely prone to  holding class based biases towards the low income students. Research has shown that teachers tend to have much lower expectations of low income pupils, viewing them in a less positive light, punishing them in a harsher and more humiliating manner than they would their more affluent peers, rewarding them less for achievements and delivering them less opportunities. (Brantlinger 1991) The psychological development of a child is very much affected by this kind of treatment and it is likely that a child will create their identity based on other peoples negative opinions, perceiving themselves to be flawed and labelling themselves as all the things they’ve been called, for example bad, stupid, dangerous etc which in itself is highly likely to result in Internalizing (eg depression, anxiety, self-loathing) or externalising (eg shouting, fighting, steal ing) behaviours (Erikson 1980). Poor children in general experience noisier, more crowded living conditions, more family instability, chaos, violence and inconsistent punishment which is very often more to cope with than their young resources will allow and again, is likely to result in internalizing or externalising behaviours. Poor children have lower career aspirations and lower educational aspirations which highlights their awareness of the lack of opportunities available to them, unfortunately a very accurate awareness because â€Å"although people function as independent actors, the possibilities they face, and the decisions they make are inevitably constrained by the positions they occupy in the social order† (Massey p. 397). Given all of the above mentioned, it is not difficult to understand some of the elements that contribute towards the existing relationship between anti-social behaviour and poverty. The question then is â€Å"how should it be dealt with?† As we can see, the factors underlying anti-social behaviour are a complicated interaction of psychological, social and economic problems/policies which have borne down much harder on our country’s poorer communities so with that in mind, it seems fairly important not to over simplify the problem with regards to implemented policy, political debates and media coverage. In 2002, Joseph Scholes, aged sixteen, hung himself in prison. He had allegedly been repeatedly and severely sexually abused since the age of six and as he got older he began self-harming and displaying challenging behaviour. He made a serious suicide attempt when he was fifteen by taking an overdose and jumping out of a window and his behaviour subsequently become too difficult  for his mother to manage which led her to make the decision to put him in to the care of the local authority where she hoped he would get the specialist help that he now clearly needed. Shortly after this he was put in to a childrenâ⠂¬â„¢s home and week later he went out one evening, drinking with a group of young people from the home. They encountered another group of young people and took their mobile phones and their money. Joseph was charged with robbery despite playing only a peripheral role, displaying no threatening behaviour or violence and it being out of character. His self-harming worsened with the approaching court appearance. The Crown Court Judge who passed Joseph’s sentence had been given reports from a psychiatrist, social workers and the youth offending team which all made his vulnerability quite clear and as a result of this the Judge was adamant that he wanted the warnings of his sexual abuse and self-harming â€Å"most expressly drawn to the attention of the authorities†. Taking in to account Josephs vulnerability, he should have been positioned in a secure children’s home but he was instead placed in HMYOI Stoke Heath Prison where he told the staff on numerous occasions in his initially constantly observed cell that he would take his own life if they moved him to a normal l ocation within the prison but despite this, he was moved in to a cell where he was no longer under twenty-four hour observation and he subsequently killed himself alone in his cell, nine days in to his sentence. The government turned down the call for a public inquiry that followed Josephs death because apparently it â€Å"was unlikely to bring to light any additional factors not already uncovered in previous investigations†. Joseph’s story does not stand in isolation. One hundred and eighty eight young people and an additional nine children died in prison in the ten years that followed Joseph’s death. (Prison ReformTtrust) The fact that there are children in prison in the first place could be viewed as symptomatic of failings by organisations both inside and outside of the criminal justice system to go about addressing these children’s complicated and often numerous needs. A report carried out on the deaths of children and young people in prison between 2003 and 2010 revealed that they commonly suffered from a catalogue of mental health issues, were a collection of the most disadvantaged people in society with alcohol and drug problems with many of them having ex perienced recent bereavement. They had had significant past involvement with community agencies but â€Å"despite their  vulnerability, they had not been diverted out of the criminal justice system at an early stage and had ended up remanded or sentenced to prison;† (inquest) To put it simply, they need help. Not locking up. ‘Caring’ for children in penal custody, especially young offender institutions, is an almost impossible task. Many child prisoners live with a spectre of fear and an enduring feeling of being ‘unsafe’. This, in turn, is thought to heighten the risk of damage and/or death.† (Goldson 2005) It is a highly flawed system that we currently have in place and there are some excellent organisations and charities increasing awareness, contributing research and constantly working towards putting an end to allowing children and young people to be put in jail and making the road to prison a longer one but I wonder how many more children will be failed miserably in the ‘care’ of the state or have their lives completely destroyed by an inappropriate sentence or kill themselves in prison before our government take action on this. If inequality lies at the root of antisocial behaviour then the solution would surely be to begin taking steps towards producing greater levels of equality? In societies where there is a smaller gap between incomes there is less violence, more trust, smaller prison populations, less obesity, longer life expectancy, lower rates of teenage pregnancy and a stronger sense of community. (The Equality Trust.) Of course there is more that we can attribute to inequality than monetary issues but they are a major contributing factor. I personally believe that introducing a citizens wage would be an effective first step and one that would be beneficial to nearly everyone. We could do away with thousands of pages of legislation, lose a couple of hundred thousand civil servants and simply give everyone a small sum in cash each week, no questions asked, no intrusive invasions of people’s privacy and no judgments as to how people should or shouldn’t be living their lives because really, who is it that feels so omniscient to make all of those judgments? It would remove the stigma attached to benefits, allow people to work part time if they wished and be more selective about the type of work that they wanted to do. So all in all a winner. So yes, there is a relationship between poverty and antisocial behaviour but it is not so black and white as that. Disillusioned and disadvantaged people need help not further punishment and a criminal justice system that is allowing disturbed children to kill themselves in jail  clearly needs looking at. If antisocial behaviour doesn’t occur in a vacuum then it is a sociological problem which then surely requires us to go about altering society, not punishing disadvantage. Brantlinger, E. 1991. Social class distinctions in adolescents reports of problems and punishment in school. Behavioural Disorders 17 (1): 36-46. Erikson, E.H. 1980. Identity and the life cycle. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. Goldson, B. 2005. in the care of the state? Child Deaths In Penal Custody In England And Wales. London: Inquest. Massey, D. 1991. Segregation, the concentration of poverty, and the life chances of individuals. Social Science Research 20 (4):397-420. McLeod, J.D. & Shanahan, M.J. 1996. Trajectories of poverty and children’s mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour (37): 207-220 The Equality Trust http://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/about-us/people cited 28/12/2012 The Prison Reform Trust http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/PunishingDisadvantage.pdf cited 28/12/2012 Weinger, S. (1998). Poor children â€Å"Know Their Place†: Perceptions of poverty, class, and public messages. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 25 (2): 100-118.

Values Attitude and Lifestyle

Vals – Values attitude and lifestyle December 18, 2011 by Hitesh Bhasin Vals which is also known as values attitude and lifestyle is one of the primary ways to perform psychographic segmentation. All three terms are intangible in nature and therefore give an idea of the inert nature of the consumer. If you know what your consumer is thinking, you would know what kind of promotions or communications will attract him most. And how do you know what the consumer is thinking? By determining his vals –   Values, attitudes and lifestyle. VALS is different for different people.Lets take income as an example. If you are a person with high income your lifestyle would probably include habits of the SEC A class such as dining out of home frequently and that too in top class restaurants, wearing only branded clothes and buying the best cars out there. Whereas if you are a middle class income group consumer, you would be more wary of spending money and would rather concentrate on s avings. So now how does VALS affect a marketer? Lets say you were a banker. What would you sell someone who had a high income lifestyle?You would sell them investment options and would also dedicate a relationship manager to take care of their needs. In fact, the bankers also have a term for high income individuals known as HNI –   high networth individuals. But, if your lifestyle was that of a low income customer, you are more likely to be targeted for savings History of the term VALS  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚   VALS is actually a proprietary term of SRI international. The term was developed by Social scientist and futurist Arnold mitchell. Arnold mitchell actually developed the vals framework to determine different classes of people who had varying values, attitudes and lifestyle.These people were determined by the resources they had at their disposal as well as the amount of primary innovation they could accept or create. Thus the people with low resources were low on innovation and the ones with higher resources were higher in innovation. This formed the basis of the VALS framework. The VALS framework Image source – SRI International As mentioned in the history of VALS, The VALS framework was developed keeping a consumers resources as well as his capacity to accept innovation in mind.The X axis consisted of primary motivation (explained below)  and the Y axis consisted of resources such as income, education, confidence etc. Thus these two factors were determined to be critical to define the values attitude and lifestyle of any consumer. Resources –   Included resources available to an individual such as income, education, intelligence, emotional support, etc. Primary motivation –   Which determined what actually drives the individual. Is it knowledge, the desire to achieve something or is it to be social.After researching above 1500   consumers, Arnold mitchell actually divided consumers into 9 different types based on the amount of resources they had as well as their capacity for primary motivation. These classes of consumers based on their VALS were. Innovators –   The class of consumer at the top of the vals framework. They are characterized by High income and high resource individuals for whom independence is very important. They have their own individual taste in things and are motivated in achieving the finer things in life. Thinkers –   A well educated professional is an excellent example of Thinkers in the vals framework.These are the people who have high resources and are motivated by their knowledge. These are the rational decision making consumers and are well informed about their surroundings. These consumers are likely to accept any social change  because of their knowledge level. Believers –   The subtle difference between thinkers and believers is that thinkers make their own decisions whereas believers are more social in nature and hence also believe other consume rs. They are characterized by lower resources and are less likely to accept innovation on their own.They are the best class of word of mouth consumers. Achievers –   The achievers are mainly motivated by –   guess what  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚   Achievements. These individuals want to excel at their job as well in their family. Thus they are more likely to purchase a brand which has shown its success over time. The achievers are said to be high resource consumers but at the same time, if any brand is rising, they are more likely to adopt that brand faster. Strivers –   Low resource consumer group which wants to reach some achievement are known as strivers. These customers do not have the resources to be an achiever.But as they have values similar to an achiever, they fall under the striver category. If a striver can gain the necessary resources such as a high income or social status then he can move on to becoming an achiever. Experiencers –   The group of c onsumers who have high resources but also need a mode of self expression are known as Experiencers. Mostly characterized by young adults,  it consists of people who want to experience being different. This class of consumers is filled up with early adopters who spend heavily on food, clothing and other youthful products and services.Makers –   These are consumers who also want self expression but they are limited by the number of resources they have. Thus they would be more focused towards building a better family rather than going out and actually spending higher amount of money. Making themselves into better individuals and families becomes a form of self expression for the Makers. Survivors –  Ã‚  The class of consumers in the Vals framework with the least resources and therefore the least likely to adopt any innovation. As they are not likely to  change their course of action regularly, they form into brand loyal customers.An example can include old age pen sion earners living alone  for whom the basic necessities  are important and they are least likely to concentrate on anything else. Thus the vals framework  can be used primarily to classify consumers based on their values, attitudes and lifestyle. Once the classification has been done, you know which types of customers you want to target. Depending on your target customers vals, you can make up your marketing strategy and your promotional message such that it hits your audience at the right spot.

Williams Syndrome essays

Williams Syndrome essays Chromosomal Deficiencies - Williams Syndrome Pg 1 Williams Syndrome is a genetic disorder that was first discovered in 1961. It effects males and females equally. It can occur to all ethnicity and is present at birth. It occurs in about 1/20000 person and it causes both physical and developmental problems. This disorder has a personal touch to me, because my sister suffers from it. I hope to be able to shine some light on how it effects a family, and how it effects an individual on a more personal level. Williams Syndrome is caused by missing genetic material on chromosome #seven including the gene that makes the protein elastin ( a protein that provides strength and elasticity to vessel walls). It is likely that the elastin gene deletion accounts for the physical features of Williams syndrome. Some medical and developmental conditions are caused by deletions of materials near the gene elastin, and can very among individuals. In most families a child with Williams syndrome would be the only one in the entire extended family, but has a 50% chance of passing it onto their children. Many people with Williams syndrome go undiagnosed until a late age. This can be serious as people with Williams syndrome can have serious and possibly progressive medical problems. When the symptoms of Williams syndrome are discovered, the patient is usually referred top a genetic specialist where further diagnostic tests are run. The clinical diagnosis can be confirmed with a blood test. The technique is known as flourescent in situ hybridization (FISH). It discovers the gene elastin deletion on chromosome #seven. Ninety Eight % of people with Williams Syndrome have this deletion. Most children with Williams Syndrome are descried as having the same facial features. They can only be confirmed by a birth defect special, but they usually consist of small upturned noses, A long upper lip, wide mouth, full lips, small chin, and puffiness...

The Basic Elements of the Communication Process

The Basic Elements of the Communication Process Whenever youve had a conversation, texted a friend, or given a business presentation, you have engaged in communication. Any time two or more people get together to exchange messages, they are engaging in this basic process. Although it seems simple, communication is actually quite complex, with a number of components. Communication Process Definition The term communication process refers to the exchange of information (a message) between two or more people. For communication to succeed, both parties must be able to exchange information and understand each other. If the flow of information is blocked for some reason or the parties cannot make themselves understood, then communication fails. The Sender The communication process begins with the sender, who is also called the communicator or source. The sender has some kind of information- a command, request, question, or idea- that he or she wants to present to others. For that message to be received, the sender must first encode the message in a form that can be understood, such as by the use of a common language or industry jargon, and then transmit it. The Receiver The person to whom a message is directed is called the receiver or the interpreter. To comprehend the information from the sender, the receiver must first be able to receive the senders information and then decode or interpret it.   The Message The message or content is the information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver. Additional subtext can be conveyed through body language and tone of voice. Put all three elements together- sender, receiver, and message- and you have the communication process at its most basic. The Medium Also called the channel, the  medium  is the means by which a message is transmitted. Text messages, for example, are transmitted through the medium of cell phones.  Ã‚   Feedback The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been successfully transmitted, received, and understood. The receiver, in turn, responds to the sender, indicating comprehension. Feedback may be direct, such as a written or verbal response, or it may take the form of an act or deed in response (indirect). Other Factors The communication process isnt always so simple or smooth, of course. These elements can affect how information is transmitted, received, and interpreted: Noise: This can be any sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received, or understood. It can be as literal as static over a phone line or radio or as esoteric as misinterpreting a local custom.Context: This is  the setting and situation in which communication takes place. Like noise, context can have an impact on the successful exchange of information. It may have a physical, social, or cultural aspect to it. In a private conversation with a trusted friend, you would share more personal information or details about your weekend or vacation, for example, than in a conversation with a work colleague or in a meeting. The Communication Process in Action Brenda wants to remind her husband, Roberto, to stop by the store after work and buy milk for dinner. She forgot to ask him in the morning, so Brenda texts a reminder to Roberto. He texts back and then shows up at home with a gallon of milk under his arm. But somethings amiss: Roberto bought chocolate milk, and Brenda wanted regular milk.   In this example, the sender is Brenda. The receiver is Roberto. The medium is a text message. The code is the English language theyre using. And the message itself is Remember the milk! In this case, the feedback is both direct and indirect. Roberto texts a photo of milk at the store (direct) and then come  home with it (indirect). However, Brenda did not see the photo of the milk because the message didnt transmit (noise), and Roberto didnt think to ask what kind of milk (context).

Role of Cardiac Nurses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Role of Cardiac Nurses - Assignment Example The term cardiac nursing is a broad term, and this encompasses care in different clinical areas. These areas may include areas of cardiac nursing in the cardiothoracic surgery, interventional cardiology, general medical cardiology, cardiac imaging and diagnostics, intensive and critical care units, pediatric cardiology and cardio-surgery, electrophysiology laboratory or pacemaker units, primary care, home care, and even community care. The care provided may need technological knowledge and expertise about the use of complicated instruments, implants, and procedures; ability to interpret data from sophisticated monitoring devices and investigations; capability to critically analyse biological manifestations about conditions, researching evidence from literature, and synthesize them to arrive at a medical decision and nursing care plan; dexterity to manage different critical and life-threatening cardiac situations in diverse environments; knowledge to intervene and educate patients to reduce cardiac risks; and ability to manage a care even in areas ranging from primary, home, and community settings. Research in these areas is diverse and voluminous. Therefore, identification of informative research in this area of practice is important, and to be able to extract useful findings, it would be legitimate to critically review the available relevant research. In this assignment, a critical literature review will be undertaken to that purpose so implications for clinical cardiac practice can be identified through evidence. The process of the literature search and findings from the review has been presented below. Literature Search To build a scientific basis of evidence, a comprehensive literature search was undertaken and then evaluated critically. For the purpose of the review of literature to support the rationale, need, and continuation of the project, this author conducted a literature search across databases. Those accessed for information included: CINHAL, Medline and Pubmed along with the Google Scholar internet search engine. Moreover MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant literature on prevention of pressure ulcers. HighWire Press was also searched. The key words in the search included "cardiac nursing", "cardiac nurses", "role", "cardiovascular nursing", "intensive care nursing", "critical care nursing", "cardiac intervention nursing", "pacemaker units", "nursing," "clinical trials", "home cardiac nursing", "cardiac surgery nursing", "primary care cardiac nursing", "cardiac imaging nursing," "emergency cardiac nursing", "cardiac nursing education", and "cardiac patient education" published in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria for each article reviewed were answers to the following questions: 1. Was the article a valid research article 2. Did the article's study include role of cardiac nursing in area of cardiac medicine practice and applied to nursing practice in that area 3. Was the article published within the past 10 years 4. Did the article have some identification with nursing practice and healthcare delivery related to cardiac care Each article must answer "yes" to all of